Maths and Computing:Vernam Activity

Vernam Vernam Cipher

	Binary values assigned to each character
Ciphertext	M	L	E	L	A	I
Ciphertext Binary Values	1100	1011	0100	1011	0000	1000
One-Time Pad	I	G	C	D	N	M
Pad Binary Values	1000	0110	0010	0011	1101	1100

	Binary values assigned to each character
Ciphertext	M	L	E	L	A	I
Ciphertext Binary Values	1100	1011	0100	1011	0000	1000
One-Time Pad	I	G	C	D	N	M
Pad Binary Values	1000	0110	0010	0011	1101	1100
	Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values
value1	1100	1011	0100	1011	0000	1000
value2	1000	0110	0010	0011	1101	1100
value1 XOR value2	0100	1101	0110	1000	1101	0100

	Binary values assigned to each character
Ciphertext	M	L	E	L	A	I
Ciphertext Binary Values	1100	1011	0100	1011	0000	1000
One-Time Pad	I	G	C	D	N	M
Pad Binary Values	1000	0110	0010	0011	1101	1100
	Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values
value1	1100	1011	0100	1011	0000	1000
value2	1000	0110	0010	0011	1101	1100
value1 XOR value2	0100	1101	0110	1000	1101	0100
	Characters assigned to each resulting binary value
Plaintext Binary Values	0100	1101	0110	1000	1101	0100
Plaintext	E	N	G	I	N	E

	Binary values assigned to each character
Ciphertext	M	J	S	G	Y	]	N
Ciphertext Binary Values	01100	01001	10010	00110	11000	11100	01101
One-Time Pad	D	Y	]	V	]	$	$
Pad Binary Values	00011	11000	11100	10101	11100	11110	11110

	Binary values assigned to each character
Ciphertext	M	J	S	G	Y	]	N
Ciphertext Binary Values	01100	01001	10010	00110	11000	11100	01101
One-Time Pad	D	Y	]	V	]	$	$
Pad Binary Values	00011	11000	11100	10101	11100	11110	11110
	Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values
value1	01100	01001	10010	00110	11000	11100	01101
value2	00011	11000	11100	10101	11100	11110	11110
value1 XOR value2	01111	10001	01110	10011	00100	00010	10011

	Binary values assigned to each character
Ciphertext	M	J	S	G	Y	]	N
Ciphertext Binary Values	01100	01001	10010	00110	11000	11100	01101
One-Time Pad	D	Y	]	V	]	$	$
Pad Binary Values	00011	11000	11100	10101	11100	11110	11110
	Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values
value1	01100	01001	10010	00110	11000	11100	01101
value2	00011	11000	11100	10101	11100	11110	11110
value1 XOR value2	01111	10001	01110	10011	00100	00010	10011
	Characters assigned to each resulting binary value
Plaintext Binary Values	01111	10001	01110	10011	00100	00010	10011
Plaintext	P	R	O	T	E	C	T

Vernam Cipher Question

Bits = 6

Decode B?#Go using the One-time only pad uXkgF

Enter Answer #CCEEAA

Alphabet A B C D E F G H
Binary Value 000000 000001 000010 000011 000100 000101 000110 000111

Alphabet I J K L M N O P
Binary Value 001000 001001 001010 001011 001100 001101 001110 001111

Alphabet Q R S T U V W X
Binary Value 010000 010001 010010 010011 010100 010101 010110 010111

Alphabet Y Z [ # ] ^ $ %
Binary Value 011000 011001 011010 011011 011100 011101 011110 011111

Alphabet a b c d e f g h
Binary Value 100000 100001 100010 100011 100100 100101 100110 100111

Alphabet i j k l m n o p
Binary Value 101000 101001 101010 101011 101100 101101 101110 101111

Alphabet q r s t u v w x
Binary Value 110000 110001 110010 110011 110100 110101 110110 110111

Alphabet y z { | } ~ & ?
Binary Value 111000 111001 111010 111011 111100 111101 111110 111111

Vernam

Maths and Computing:

Vernam Vernam Cipher

Polyalphabetic Cipher

Vernam Cipher Question

Bits = 4

Decode MLELAI using the One-time only pad IGCDNM

Enter Answer #CCEEAA

Alphabet A B C D E F G H
Binary Value 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111

Alphabet I J K L M N O P
Binary Value 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111

Binary values assigned to each character

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

The answer is: ENGINE

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

Characters assigned to each resulting binary value

Vernam Cipher Question

Bits = 5

Decode MJSGY]N using the One-time only pad DY]V]$$

Binary values assigned to each character

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

The answer is: PROTECT

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

Characters assigned to each resulting binary value

Vernam Cipher Question

Bits = 6

Decode B?#Go using the One-time only pad uXkgF

Binary values assigned to each character

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

The answer is: viral

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

Characters assigned to each resulting binary value

Contents Copyright 2026 Andy Abraham

Please email comments to info@mathsandcomputing.co.uk

Action =

Alphabet	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
Binary Value	00000	00001	00010	00011	00100	00101	00110	00111

Alphabet	I	J	K	L	M	N	O	P
Binary Value	01000	01001	01010	01011	01100	01101	01110	01111

Alphabet	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X
Binary Value	10000	10001	10010	10011	10100	10101	10110	10111

Alphabet	Y	Z	[	#	]	^	$	%
Binary Value	11000	11001	11010	11011	11100	11101	11110	11111

Alphabet	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H
Binary Value	000000	000001	000010	000011	000100	000101	000110	000111

Alphabet	I	J	K	L	M	N	O	P
Binary Value	001000	001001	001010	001011	001100	001101	001110	001111

Alphabet	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X
Binary Value	010000	010001	010010	010011	010100	010101	010110	010111

Alphabet	Y	Z	[	#	]	^	$	%
Binary Value	011000	011001	011010	011011	011100	011101	011110	011111

Alphabet	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h
Binary Value	100000	100001	100010	100011	100100	100101	100110	100111

Alphabet	i	j	k	l	m	n	o	p
Binary Value	101000	101001	101010	101011	101100	101101	101110	101111

Alphabet	q	r	s	t	u	v	w	x
Binary Value	110000	110001	110010	110011	110100	110101	110110	110111

Alphabet	y	z	{	\|	}	~	&	?
Binary Value	111000	111001	111010	111011	111100	111101	111110	111111

Vernam

Maths and Computing:

Vernam Vernam Cipher

Polyalphabetic Cipher

Vernam Cipher Question

Bits = 4

Decode MLELAI using the One-time only pad IGCDNM

Enter Answer #CCEEAA AlphabetABCDEFGHBinary Value00000001001000110100010101100111 AlphabetIJKLMNOPBinary Value10001001101010111100110111101111

Binary values assigned to each character

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

The answer is: ENGINE

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

Characters assigned to each resulting binary value

Vernam Cipher Question

Bits = 5

Decode MJSGY]N using the One-time only pad DY]V]$$

Enter Answer #CCEEAA AlphabetABCDEFGHBinary Value0000000001000100001100100001010011000111 AlphabetIJKLMNOPBinary Value0100001001010100101101100011010111001111 AlphabetQRSTUVWXBinary Value1000010001100101001110100101011011010111 AlphabetYZ[#]^$%Binary Value1100011001110101101111100111011111011111

Binary values assigned to each character

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

The answer is: PROTECT

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

Characters assigned to each resulting binary value

Vernam Cipher Question

Bits = 6

Decode B?#Go using the One-time only pad uXkgF

Binary values assigned to each character

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

The answer is: viral

Binary values assigned to each character

Result of a bitwise XOR operation between the two binary values

Characters assigned to each resulting binary value

Contents Copyright 2026 Andy Abraham

Please email comments to info@mathsandcomputing.co.uk

Action =

Enter Answer #CCEEAA

Alphabet A B C D E F G H
Binary Value 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111

Alphabet I J K L M N O P
Binary Value 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111